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晋陕蒙地区浅埋煤层采空区遗煤自燃与有害气体涌出风险突出。针对现有正压通风、注氮、注浆技术在动态控氧与惰化效果上的局限性，以及传统均压通风技术依赖静态阈值和单参数反馈的问题，设计了一种浅埋煤层智能均压防灭火系统。提出了均压工作面通风参数智能感知技术，在工作面采空区、密闭区等关键区域部署传感器网络，对静压差、漏风量、气体(O2,CO,CH4)浓度、温度等进行同步采集与融合分析；建立了多维度动态指标体系和基于均衡性能指数(EPI)的均压效果评估模型，基于评估结果实施分级预警；构建了百叶式风窗-变频式局部通风机联合调控体系，形成风窗精细微调+通风机大范围补偿的协同机制。工程实践表明，该系统运行后工作面压差由原来的120.9 Pa降至35.8 Pa，采空区漏风量由346.4 m3/min降至98.5 m3/min，上隅角O2体积分数由16.0%增至18.5%,CO体积分数由93.8×10-6降至14.8×10-6，有效抑制了煤自燃和有害气体涌出。
Abstract：In the Jin–Shan–Meng region, the risk of residual coal spontaneous combustion and harmful gas emissions in shallow-buried coal seam goafs is prominent. In view of the limitations of existing technologies such as positive pressure ventilation, nitrogen injection, and grouting in terms of dynamic oxygen control and inerting effect, as well as the problem that traditional pressure balance ventilation relies on static thresholds and single-parameter feedback, an intelligent pressure balance fire prevention and extinguishing system for shallow-buried coal seams was designed. An intelligent perception technology for ventilation parameters in pressure balance working faces was proposed, and a sensor network was deployed in key areas such as goafs and sealed zones to synchronously collect and integrate differential static pressure, air leakage volume, gas(O2, CO, CH4)concentrations, temperature, and other data for analysis. A multi-dimensional dynamic index system and a pressure balance effect evaluation model based on the Equalization Performance Index(EPI) were established,a nd graded early warning was implemented according to the evaluation results. A combined regulation system of louvered air windows and variable-frequency local ventilators was constructed, forming a collaborative mechanism of precise micro-adjustment by air windows and large-scale compensation by ventilators. Engineering practice showed that after the system was put into operation, the pressure difference at the working face decreased from the original 120.9 Pa to 35.8 Pa, the air leakage volume in the goaf decreased from 346.4 m3/min to98.5 m3/min, the O2 volume fraction at the upper corner increased from 16.0% to 18.5%, and the CO volume fraction decreased from 93.8×10-6 to 14.8×10-6, effectively suppressing coal spontaneous combustion and harmful gas emissions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18257
中图分类号:TD752.2
引用信息:
[1]姚海飞,赵尤信,李佳慧,等.浅埋煤层智能均压防灭火系统设计[J].工矿自动化,2025,51(09):10-17+24.DOI:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18257.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52304220); 天地科技创新创业资金专项重点项目(2024-TD-MS002)
2025-09-22
2025-09-22
2025-09-22